Multiple transforming printer



Sept. 20, 1938. L. T. ELIEL MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER l0Sheets-Sheet l Filed April 27. 1936 A TToR/VEK L.. T. ELIEL 2,130,793

MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27, 1956 l0 Sheets-Shea?l 2Sept. 20, 1938.

Amr2,130,793

Sept. 20, 1938. L. T. ELM-:1

MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27, 1936 lO Sheets-Sheet 3Sept. 20, 1938. L, TA ELM-1 2,130,793

MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27, 1956 l0 Sheets-Shes?l 4 ATTOR/VEK Sept. 20, 1938. 1 T. ELIEL MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER l0Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April 27. 1956 A TroR/VEK Sept. 20, 1938. L, TELlEL MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27. 1936 l0 Sheets-Sheet6 Sept. 20, 1938.

L. T. ELIEL MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27. 1956 l0Sheets-Sheet '7 d TroR/VEY.

Sept. 20, 1938. L, T. ELM-:L

MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27. 1936 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 ATTOR/VEY.

Sept. 20, 1938. L, TA E| |EL 2,130,793

MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27, 19156 l0 Sheets-Sheet 9 ArrOR/VEY.

Sept. 20, 1938. L T. ELlEl.

MULTIPLE TRANSFORMING PRINTER Filed April 27, 195e 1o sheets-sheet 1o ArroR/Vfx Patented Sept1 20, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 Claims.

This invention relates to transforming printers whereby photographshaving images which are distorted, by reason of the fact that they havebeen taken at oblique angles, are corrected in the printing thereof soas to eliminate the distortion of the image and thereby produce a printwherein the various parts of the image are spaced apart/in accordancewith the true scale relationr in which the original parts represented bythe image existed at the time the photograph was taken. The inventionrelates in particular to a transforming printer whereby a plurality ofcomplementary oblique photographs/which have been simultaneously takenmay be transformed and. printed on a single sensitized member, such as aphotographic negative.

Herein I use the term complementary photographs to indicate two or morephotographs simultaneously taken of adjacent sections of an area, andlikewise employ the term complementary images to mean the images ofphotographs simultaneously taken of adjacent sections of an area andwhich, when properly combined in sideby-side relation, will form acomplete picture or image of the total area covered by the complementaryimages. 'Ihe invention is of especial utility in the art oi' map making,wherein the terrain is photographed by use of a multiple-lens camera inwhich the lenses are so placed that they will photograph on separatenegatives complementary images of complementary sections of an area ofthe terrain. It has been the customary practice to print each image of aset of complementary images separately by use of a transforming printer,and then join the separate prints together in side-by-gde relation so asto produce a picture of the entire area covered by the set of.complementary photographs.

It is an object of the present invention to provvide a transformingprinter whereby the complementary images of a set of complementaryphotographs may be printed on a single sensitized member, such as aphotographic negative, thereby Aforming the complete or compositephotograph without the necessity of separate prints as has beenheretofore necessary.

It is an object of the invention to provide a transforming printerhaving a rotary head or photograph support with means thereon to carry aplurality 'of photographs, a rotary print support for carrying asensitized photographic sheet or plate on which the composite print isto be made, and a lens support carrying a lens in operative positionbetween kthe photograph support and the print support, with means forsupporting the foregoing members in such a manner that they may bequickly aligned and so that the positions thereof may be changed at anytime to change the focal distances and also the angular relationship ofthe photograph support and the print support under various selectedconditions of operation, such as a change in the focal distance of thelens or the use of the transforming printer with photographs made by adifferent multiple-lens camera.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a transformingprinter of the above character having a removable head or photographsupport in duplicate so that one set of complementary images can beprinted from photographs held in one of the heads while another set ofphotographs is being mounted inthe other head in preparation for thetransforming and printing thereof.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a simple means forholding the photograph or analogous means carrying the distortedcomplementary imagesA in proper position on the rotary head, togetherwith an improved means for bringing the photographs into practicalpositions of registration. Multiple-lens cameras of the characteremployed in aerial photography generally provide registration marks intheir margins by means of which the relationship of each individualpicture with its lens is recorded. My invention provides an effectivemeans, utilizing these registration marks, for locating the photographson the rotary head of the transforming printer while the rotary head isremoved from the printer, and so that the images of the photographs willal1 be in proper position for projection in complementary relation ontoa sensitized member carried by the print support.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a transformingprinter of the above character having a. mask disposed adjacent thefront surface of the print support, this mask exposing on the face ofthe sensitized member carried by the print support an area which is toreceive the transformed image projected from a distorted image carriedby the rotary head. The invention also has as an object thereof toprovide a means for adjusting this mask to a high degree of precision.

Illumination control in transforming pictures taken by a multiple-lenscamera is very troublesome owing to the fact that the pictures areytaken obliquely, one toward the sun', one away from the sun, and-two atright angles to it, or some similar arrangement. Asthe result, at leastthree out of four of the pictures taken by a fourlens camera, forexample, will be produced under different conditions of lighting, withthe result that under ordinary practices of transforming the printsseparately and then assembling them to produce the complete picture,great difliculty is experienced in matching up the complementary printsso that the same density within reasonable limits will be obtained inall parts of the complete picture. It is an object of my invention toprovide a lighting system for the transform-` ing printer adapted to beadjusted in accordance with the requirement of a complete assembly ofcomplementary photographs carried on the rotary head'so that in theprinting of the images from these photographs consecutively onto asensitized member carried by the rotary print support, a practicalmatching of densities will be accomplished in each of the complementarysections of the completed print.

A further object of the invention is to provide a photoelectric cell formaking a nal check of the printing lights used in the printing of therespective images from the photographs before these images are printedonto the sensitized member, together with an arrangement whereby theadjoining edges are matched with a high degree of precision by thechecking of the printing light through the overlapping edges of therespective complementary images. 'I'he `result of the foregoing is thatthe composite prints obtained by the use of my transforming printer arefar superior, from the standpoint of color matching and detail matching.to results obtainable when all of the transformations of a set ofdistorted images are individually transformed and the prints therefromvsubsequently trimmed and assembled. v

The problem of proper illumination is further complicated by the factthat those sections of the transformations whichk are enlarged requiregreater illumination than the sections which are either not enlarged orare reduced in the printing thereof. It is an object of the invention toprovide means for light distribution and control which are adjustable soas to compensate for the variations hereinabove set forth.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be made evidentthroughout the following part of the specification.

Referring to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only, y

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the relationship of a group ofcomplementary photo graphs taken by a multiple-lens camera with aphotographed area and with the composite picture of such area.

Fig. 2 is a -plan view of a preferred form of my transformer.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken as indicated by the line 3-3 ofFig. 2, but with the head supporting easel turned into a planeperpendiculsr tto the longitudinal axis of the supporting bed p a e.

Fig. 4 is a face view of the rotary head, viewed as indicated by theline 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary elevational view taken as indicated by the line5 5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on a plane indicated by theline 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. '7 is an enlarged plan View of the adjusting jig in place on therotary head.

Fig. 8 is a sectional View taken substantially as indicated by the line8 8 of Fig. '.7.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the adjusting jig with the telescope holderthereof removed so as to show the underlying parts and the manner inwhich engagement with the plate holder is made.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary section taken as indicated by the lineill--lilboi Fig. 7.

Fig. 11 is a partly sectioned elevational view of the printing headeasel.

Fig. 12 is a face view taken substantially as indicated by the linel2-I2 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken as indicated bythe line,i3-I3 o Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken on the plane II-il ofFig. l2.

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary, partly sectioned view showing the means whichI employ for checking the projected light through use of a photoelectriccell.

Fig. 16 is a sectional View taken as indicated by the line Iii-I6 ofFig. 15.

Fig. 17 is an electrical diagram showing the means for controlling theprinting light.

In Fig. 1, which is purely schematic, I show an area 2i, consisting ofcomplementary areas A, B, C, and D, which is to be photographed. Thisarea 2| may be a portion of a terrain which, to the eyes of a person ina position of elevation thereabove, presents a picture. This area 2| maybe of such size that it cannot be suitably photographed through a singlelens; therefore, to produce a picture thereof, a multiple-lens camera isemployed.

Although the multiple-lens camera used may have various 'numbers oflenses, I shall in this description of the adaptability of the inventionlimit the description to the use of a four-lens camera 22 having fournegative plates or films A', B', C', and D adapted to respectivelyreceive the images of the areas A, B, C, and D. Owing to the fact thatthe optical axes on which the negatives A', B', C', and D arephotographed are oblique, the areas photographed upon the negatives A',B', C', and D' will be of the character of the respective areas a', IJ',c', and d' indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and which radiate from acommon center P. Further, in view of the oblique setting of thenegatives A', B', C', and D' relative to the surface of the terrain, thecomplementary areas A, B, C, and D will be each represented on thenegatives A', B', C', and D by distorted images indicated by dottedlines 23. It is Well known that in order to produce a rectied picture ofthe area 2|, or pictures of the areas A, B, C, -and D, it is necessaryto use a transforming printer, wherein the negative and the sensitizedmember on which `the print is to be made are disposed at predeterminedangles so` that the images projected onto the plane in which thesensitized member is held will be of the shape of the area a', b', c',or d' originally photographed. l

In Fig. 2 Ishow a photograph A' which may be the negative transparencyindicated in Fig. 1 or may be a positive transparency directly print'-ed therefrom. This member A' is mounted on a rotary head 23 in suchposition that light may be projected therethrough and along a path indi,cated by dotted lines 24 to a lens 25 by which the image is projectedforwardly, :is indicated by dotted lines 2E, to a plate or sheet ofsensitized material 2'? mounted on a rotary print holder 2l, the membersiii?, ii, and 'li g disposed in the proper angular ticnship to;transforming the image of the aber fi in the printing thereof on thesensitized member 21, If the member A shown in Fig. 2 carries a negativeimage, the transformed print obtained on the sensitized member 21 willbe a positive print. It is customary in practice, however, to preparepositive photographs by direct contact from the negative taken from theaerial camera, so that the print obtained on the sensitized member 2,1will be a negative print from which a positive direct print ,35. Eachtable 32 or 33 is adjustable in all di# rections on the bed plate 29.For example, there are vertical screws 31 threaded through thehorizontal wall 35 and -having plates 36 at the lower ends thereof forengaging the y,upper wall 39 of the bed plate 29, as shown in Fig. 3,and in the side walls 36- there are side screws 4i for engaging `theside faces 42 of the bed plate 29. At the forward and rearward ends ofeach table 32 and 33 are hold-down brackets 43 which are bolted to theupper wall 39 of the bed plate 29 by use of bolts 44. Each of thebrackets 43 has a ver tical wall 45 and an inwardly extending wall 46projecting over a portion of the associated table 32 or 33. In each ofthe vertical walls 45 there are two adjusting screws 41 adapted toengage an edge of the table 32 or 33, and through each wall 46 there isa hold-down screw 48 adapted to engage the table with which each bracketis asso ciated. Mounted on the upper face of the table 32, as shown inFig. 3, there is a head supporting easel 43 having a base portion 5lwhich may be prepared so that the easel may be swung on vertical axis,by using slots 52 through which extend studs 53 byfwhich the easel 49 issecured to thetable 32.

'The upper end of the easel 43 has a horizontal bore 54 in which aforwardly projecting stub shaft 55 is secured, which may be by use of apin 56. ,The stub shaft 55 has an axial bore 51 with a counterbore 56 atthe rearward or ieftward end thereof for receiving a compression spring59 position to engage the head 6I of a bar 62 which extends through thebore `51 and the counterbore 58 of the stub shaft 55. A plate 63 issecured by" screws 64 to the leftward end of the stub shaft and thisplate 63 has an `opening 65 through which an end 66 of the bar 62projects. On the forward or rightward end of the bar 62 there is atransverse pin 68 adapted tov engage diametraliy opposed depressions 69in the front iace of a cap 1| having an opening 12 through which the end61 of the bar"62 may pass, and likewise having transverse notches 13radiating from the opening 12 and being of such size that the ends ofthe pin 68 may pas/s therethrough when the cap 1i is rotated through anangle vof 90 from the position in which it is shownso that the notches13 are in alignment with the ends ofthe pin 66. 'I'he rotary head 23,which is essentially a circular disc, has a hub 14 with a lbore 15adapted to closely fit the shaft 55. It is the function of the cap 1i tohold the hub 14 against the shoulder 16 at the upper end of ythe easel43. With the cap 1i removed from ther position in which it is shown, the

rotary head 23 is placed upon the stub shaft 55;

Then, by rightward pressure against the project" ing end 86 of the bar32, such bar is moved right wardly against the force of the spring 53 sothat the rightward end of the par 62 will move :into lthe positionindicated by dotted lines 11. The cap 1i .is then slipped over therightward end 61 of the bar 62 and past the ends of the pin t6.,r

whereupon the 'cap 1i is rotated so as to bring the 'depressions 69 intoalignment with the ends of "the pin 68, and, the pressure against theleftward end 66 of the bar 62 is released so that the spring 59 will.force the bar 62 leftwardly and will transmit a leftward force throngthe pin 68 and the cap 1I tothe hub 14 of the rotary head 23 to holdsuch rotary head against the shoulder 15.

The rotary head 23 has a number of openings` 16 therein corresponding'to the number of photographic plates to be transformed onto a singleprint. in the present instance, where the invention is being used with afour-coupled aerial j camera, there are four of such openings 18 evenlysupports has a base frame 3i consisting of four side members i12 fromwhich lips or shelves 33 project inwardly so that a photographic plate34, or other image carrying transparency, may he supported thereon, asshown in Fig. 6. To hold the photographic plates 84 in place in the baseframe 8 i, cover frames 85 are provided which are essentially the samesizeas the base frame 9i. "jachicover frame 85 carries an optical flatglass 3S having downwardly converging edge faces 8l engaging the framesS5 and 3l in the manner shown in Fig. 6. 'he lower face B8 of each glassmay "near directly against the photographic plate at, or a piece oftransparent material 83, such as Celluloid, may be placed between theface S8 and the upper face of the member 84 to prevent the face t3 frombecoming scratched. The glasses are held in the cover frames 85 "nymeans of small plates or clips 9i which are secured by means of screwsQ2 so as to project over the edges oi the plates 3G.

The photograph supporting means 19 are adjustabiy secured in place bymeans of lugs 93, two of which project fro-in each base frame Each iughas an opening 3G therein through which a stud of considerabiy smallerdiameter,

washer downwardly against 'the upper face a lug so as to clamp the lug93 tightly against the face of the rotary head 23. Prior to thetightening of the nut 96, the photograph holding means i9 may be.adjusted on the face of the rotary' head 2E within reasonable limits.

.As shown at the top and right-hand side of Fig. fi, each base frame Sihas lugs 98 projecting outwardly therefrom to which leaf springs 99 arepivotally secured by such means as screws llii, so that they may beswung outwardly as shown. Each cover frame 35, as shown at the left-handside of Fig. 4 and also in Figs. 5 and 6, has lugs H22 projectingoutwardly near the corners thereof and in such positions that when theleaf springs 99 are swung inwardly, the free ends thereof may be restedupon the lugs S32 to apply downwardly pressure to hold the -cover frames85 member A', and the telescopes |35 of the jig may be adjusted so astobring the cross lines |53 thereof, which are projected kin dottedlines in 9, intoregistration with the registration marks |49; Afterbeing so adjusted, the telescopes |35 are locked in position, andthereafter the adjusting of the supporting means 19 to bring the,photographic plates into proper position on the rotary head 23 isaccomplished by use of the .jig` |03 which is consecutively placed overeach of the photograph holders, so that while the jig A|03 isso placedthe adjusting screws |22 and |25 `lines |53 of the telescopes of the jig|03.

When the rotary head 23 is mounted in operative position on the easel49, as shown in Figs. 2

and 3, the registration or aligning openings ||3 of the rotary head 23are employed to position the rotary head 23 so that the photographicplates carrying the distorted images may be successively brought intoexact positions of cooperation with the lens 25. For this purpose abracket |54, Figf3, is mounted on the easel 49, this bracket having ahorizontal opening |55 through which a pin |56 extends,'such pin |56being movable back and forth into and out of engagement with thesuccessive registration openings I3 when the rotary head 23 is rotatedfrom one position to another.

As shown in Figs. 2, 1l, and 12, the rotary print holder 28 comprises ametal disc having a rearwardly extending hub |51 which rotates in thebore |58 of an easel or standard |59 having a base plate |6| so that itmay be secured to the table 3| ofthe base plate 29 by means of studs |62and nuts |63. The sensitized sheet 21 which is to form the transformedprint may, in accordance with the practice of the invention, be a sheetof .sensitized photographic paper or may be a transparency with asensitized photographic emulsion thereon. In the present instance themember 21 is square and is to receive four complementary images thereon,such images being disposed around the center of the member 21 as definedby the axis of rotation of the print supporting head 28. To hold themember 21 against the front face of the member 28, a grille of crossingchannels |64 is provided,'such channels |64 being connected to a centralopening |65, Fig. 11, which projects within the hub |51 of the member 21and communicates through radial openings |66 with a channel |61 formedin the bore |58, such channel |61 being connected to an exhaust pumpthrough a tube |68. The tube |68 may be provided with a suitable two-wayvalve |69 for control of and release of rthe vacuum to be applied tothe4 channels |64 ofthe member 28.

Bymeans of ,afregistrationpin |1|, carried on thegeasel; |59. byqmeansof aabracket., |12, a; divid-y ingeof'tlie rotary,-print.lfiolder 28into, a desired number l.of .divisions or seetionsvis" accomplished. Inthe present,instancethenmember 28and'vthesensitized;membertgflgsuppolgted thereby `,are to be ,divided int c,iou,r` sections, which is accomplished by@previdriathefmember 28 withfour eVenIyspaedregistrationopenings. |13 `in posi,y f

adaptedto berotated-fromthe position `in which it is shown in full linesin Fig. 11 against the face of the sensitized member 21, into aretracted'position indicated by dotted lines |16. The mask |14 has aplate portion |11 with a notch |18 at the rightward side thereof, asviewed in Fig. 12. To the edge walls |19 of the plate |11 forming thenotch |18, adjustable edge strips |8| are secured by means of screws|82, as shown in Fig. 14. These edge strips |8| have accurately groundknife edges |83 which, by adjustment of the edge strips |8|, may becaused to l'ie exactly on lines diverging at an angle of 90. With theknife edges |83 disposed at an angle of exactly 90, the mask |14 may beadjusted so that the point of meeting of the inner ends of the knifeedges |83 will coincide with the axis of rotation p of the rotary member28, which axis p will pass `through the exact center of the print formedon the sensitized member 21. A small saw cut |80 on the' member |83 isradially disposed at point p, so that a center cross will be formed onthe transformation 21, and notches |90 on the member |83 provideregistration marks on the transformation by means of which principalpoint p may also be located.

The mask |14 may be adjustedl in all directionsA by use of the followingmeans. A bracket |84 is secured to the lower part of the easel |59 inforwardly extending relation, this bracket having a threaded bore |85,Fig'. l2, centralized on a horizontal axis which is likewise parallel tothe plane defined by the front face of the rotary member 28.. Threadedinto the bore |85 are laterally adjustable sleeves |86 which serve asbearings for a shaft |81 having outwardly extending squared ends |88which support' legs |89 of a connector plate |9| which is adjustablysecured to the lower portion of theplate |11 by means of screws |92which pass through enlarged openings |93 in the member |9|. Adjustingscrews |94 are mounted on opposite sides of a notch |95 in the member|9|, through which notch |95 a lug |96 projects from the plate |11. Thelegs |89 of the plate |9| have bosses |91 at the lower ends thereof withsquared openings |98 therethrough, through which the squared ends |88 ofthegshaft |81 extend.

Perpendicular adjustment screws |99 are threaded through the walls ofthe` bosses |91 into engagement with plates 20| which fit against theupper and lower faces of the squared shaft ends |88, and end plates 202having rectangular openings 203 therein are fitted on the outer ends ofthe squared shaft ends |88, these end plates 202 having horizontaladjusting screws 204 adapted to bear against the opposing horizontalportions thereof, which slots 2705 receive. horizontal pins 206 whichare projected outwardly from thebosses |91. Washers 201,and nuts 208 areyapplied to theouter ends of the ysquared, shaft portions |88and spacingplates or washers 209' fare disposed between the inner faces of thebosses |91 and the endsof the sleeves |86,"as shown in Fig. 12. Theforegoing arrangement of parts may b'e`employedto adjust themask `|14 inany n desired direction so-as to bring the'point of meet--k ing'of theknife edges |834 into registration with the axis p.

The imageprojected'by the lens v25 from the I photographic member,suchas A aligned therewith,y will have a shape somewhat of the characvterindicated by ldotted lines2|| of Fig. 12. The

two inner edge portions of the image 211 will 'be cut off by the mask114, and the Vouter edge portions 212 of the image 211 will fall beyondthe edges 213 of the sensitized member 21. The knife edges 183accurately define the lines of division or engagement of thecomplementary images received by the sensitized member 21, these imagesmeeting accurately on the lines of division Without overlapping orwithout unexposed strips therebetween.

As indica-ted by dotted lines 214 in Fig. 2, a light box or housing 214is mounted behind the rotary head 23 in alignment with the axis of thel'ens 25 so that light will be produced behind the photographic plateA', or` other photographic plate aligned with the lens 25. The lamphousing 214 carries a group of electric lamps adapted to be individuallyadjusted. In the present practice of the invention I employ six lamps L1to Le inclusive as shown in Fig. 1'7 which may be distributed within thelight housing 214 in a manner which may be readily determined byexperimentation. Each lamp has four adjustable, separately andselectively used controls which may be adjusted with respect to the fourphotographic plates A', B', C', and D before the sensitized member 21 isplaced on the head 28. To accomplish this control, I provide a controlpanel 215 having four sections Si, Sz. S3, and S4 across whichconductors 216 extend from the lamps L1 to Ls inclusive, the other sidesof these lamps being connected through conductors 211 with a commonconductor 218 leading to a source of electric current such as agenerator 219. Each section S1 to S4 inclusive has six rheostats R1 toRe inclusive, all being connected to a common conductor 220 which leadsto the generator 219, and each rheostat R1 to Rs being connectablethrough a switch 22| with a conductor 216 leading to a correspondinglamp of the group of lamps L1 to Le. There are six of the switches 221in each section, and all of the switches 22| of each group are adaptedto be simultaneously closed and opened so as to close electric circuitsincluding the lamps L1 to La inclusive and the associated group ofrheostats R1 to Re inclusive. This is accomplished by the use of ioursolenoids 222 connected'by conductors 223 with a common conductor 224leading to the side of the generator 219 to which the conductor 218 isattached, and being connectable through manually operable switches 225with the common conductor 220. The selective operation of the switches225 accomplishes a selective bringing of the groups of rheostats in thesections S1 to S4 into circuits including the lamps L1 to Le and thegenerator 219.

Four complementary photographic plates are mounted on the rotary head23, and the individual sections of rheostats are adjusted in accordancewith the light requirements of each photographic plate before thesensitized member 21 is mounted on the rotary support 28. Each sectionof rheostats Si to S4 is adjusted independently of the remainingsections and entirely in accordance with the strength and distributionof light required by the photographic plate to which the section ofrheostats corresponds in the operation of the transforming printer. Inthis manner such variations in density existing in and between thephotographic plates is compensated for, with the result that a practicalcontrol of the densities of the complementary images obtained on theprint formed from the sensitized member is attained. It is an especialfeature of the invention to provide means for precisely controlling thelighting of the adjacent or matching edges of the complementary imagesprojected onto the sensitized member 21. This I accomplish by the use oflight measuring device 226, Fig. 15, which operates in conjunction withmeans 221 for projecting desired portions of the images projected by thelens 21 to the light responsive and measuring device 226.

It will be understood that the transforming printer is preferably to beused in a dark room and that portions thereof may be housed-in asrequired to protect the sensitized member 21 from light other than theimage projected thereon by the lens 25. As indicated by dotted lines inFig. 2, a wall 228 may be placed across the iront of the easel 34 sothat the lens structure 25 may project therethrough. As shown in Fig.15, the light responsive device 226 may be mounted on the Wall 228adjacent the forward end of the lens 25, and the image projecting means221 may be mounted on the wall 228 by means ol' a bracket 229 so that itmay be swung from a retracted position indicated by dotted lines 231into a position before the lens 25, as indicated in full lines.

The member 221 has a front wall 232 carrynrO a lens 233 adapted to bealigned with the objc@ tive lens 25, a diagonal wall 234 carrying aplane reflecting mirror 235 which will project the image from the lens233 toward a lens system 236 carried by a side wall 231 of the device221 in such position that it will direct the image to a photoelectriccell 238 forming a part of the light responsive means 226. The use of aphotoelectric cell for the measurement of light is old. Accordingly, thelight responsive means 226 has been shown diagrammatically. For thepresent purposes the light responsive means 226 is shown with an amperemeter 239 adapte-d to be placed at a point convenient to the operator ofthe transforming printer and to be connected to the remaining electricalparts of the device 226 by means of conductors 241, this meter 239having an indicator 242 which moves in accordance with the lightreceived .by the photoelectric cell 238.

As shown in Fig. 16, the side wall 231 of the device 221 has a mask 243mounted thereon so as to partly cover the area of the lens system 236.This mask has two slots or openings 244 therein through which thematching edge portions of the images projected from the lens 25 may passto the lens system 236 under control of shutters 245 and 246 which areinterconnected in such a manner that when the shutter 246 closes thelower opening 244, the shutter 245 will expose the upper opening 244 ofthe mask 243. The shutter 245 consists of a metal strip having its innerend 241 hinged on a pivot 248'which may be mounted on the mask 243. Therightward or outer end of the `shutter 245 has a slot 249 therein and aprojecting handle 251 whereby the shutter may be raised and lowered. Thelower shutter 246 is mounted on a pivot 252 disposed at its inner endand has a pin 253 at its outer end which engages the slot 249 in theshutter 245. .When the shutter 245 is raised, the engagement of the pin253 with the slot 249 Will raise the shutter 246 into closed positionrelative to the lower mask opening 244, and as the shutter 245 is swungdownwardly into closed position relative to the upper mask opening 244,as indicated by dotted lines 254, the shutter 246 will be swung intolowered position, or open relation to the lower mask opening 244, as

indicated by dotted lines 255. An auxiliary mask 256 is provided whichmay be swung on a pivot 251 from the open position in which it is shownin full lines to closed position indicated by dotted lines 258 whereinit will cover the inner halves of both upper and lower mask openings244.

As shown in the schematic Fig. 1, the portions or images a', b', c', andd of the terrain which are projected photographically to the respectivephotographic plates A', B', C', and D' have overlapping edge areas 259.'I'he transformed images which are projected from the photographicplates in the transforming printer and onto the sensitized member 21 areof the same shape as the areas a', b', c', and d' of Fig. 1, asindicated by the image 2H shown in dotted lines in Fig. 12. Withrelation to the transformed images, and

likewise with relation to thebriginal images a',v

b', c', and d', the mask openings 244 correspond to the overlappingareas 259 at the edges of the images. Accordingly, in preparation forthe printing of the complementary images on the sensitized member 21,each photographic plate, such as the plate A' shown in Fig. 2, is movedinto printing position, and by use oi lights obtained from the lamps L1to La inclusive, the image thereof is projected onto a sheet of papercarried on the face of the rotary member 28. The rheostats R1 to Re inthe control section corresponding to the photographic plate at this timein alignment with the lens 25 are given an initial adjustment while theintensity and distribution of light on the paper carried by the rotarymember 28 is visually checked. The member 221 may be then swung from itsretracted position shown in dotted lines 22| of Fig. 15 into full lineposition, andthe matching edge areas of the image may be individuallychecked by use of the photoelectric cell 238. With the auxiliary mask256 in retracted position as shown in full lines in Fig. 16, the uppermatching edge area o'f the projected image is permitted to pass throughthe upper mask opening 244, whereupon the reading of the meter 239 isnoted. The handle 25| of the shutter 245 is then swung downwardly sothat the lower mask opening 244 will be opened and the upper opening 244closed, whereupon the quantity of light constituting the lower matchingedge area of the image may be noted on the meter 239. If there is adiscrepancy between these readings, or., in other words, a deviationfrom a standard reading, the rheostats at this time connected with thelamps L1 to La inclusive may be readjusted to balance the light passedthrough the upper and lower mask openings 2413.

Two like readings obtained through the upper and lower openings 244 and245 of the mask 243, with the auxiliary mask 256 in retracted position,indicate only that the quantities of light passed through the openings244 are the same, but do not show whether or not the light at the innerend of an opening 244 may be stronger or 4weaker than the light at theouter end of the opening. To determine whether the light passing throughthe inner and outer halves of the openings 244 is balanced, theauxiliary shutter 256 is moved into the position in which it isindicated in dotted lines 258, wherein the inner halves of each oi theopenings 244 are covered. Light is then projected through the remainingor outer portions oi.' the openings 244 by use of the shutters 245 and246 as previously described, and the lights adjusted until the readingis the same on both outer portions. At the conclusion of the balancingof the complementary whole strips and half stri the total illuminationoi the strips is identical and the illumination of the half strips isidentical, thereby providing for identical illumination along thematching lines.

It will be apparent that the lamps L1 to Le inclusive comprise a bank oflamps that, by virtue of the control system indicated in Fig. 17, isadjustable with respect to the pattern of inten- ,sity in cross-sectionoi' the light projected from the bank, and that such a bank of lamps maybe adjusted for a beam pattern so related to the pattern of thelight-transmitting character of the photographic plate as to produce adesired distribution of intensity over the image cast on theprintingmember. Thus, if it is desired to have an image of substantiallyuniform intensity, the bank of lamps will be adjusted to project a beamhaving a cross-sectional pattern of light intensity substantiallycomplementary to the pattern of the light-transmitting character of thephotographic plate. The required adjustment of the projected light beamis possible because each individual lamp of the bank projects its ownbeam and the beam from the bank as a whole is a combination of theseindividual beams. With the light measuring means described, it isconveniently possible to measure the light intensity rof selectedportions of the image to determine the particular pattern of light beamprojected from the bank of lamps that will be required to give thedesired effect at the printing member ci the apparatus.

After adjustment of each of the sections S1 to Si, inclusive, of therheostats R, the sensitized member 21 may be placed on the rotary member28, and the complementary images carried by the photographic plates heldon the rotary member 23 may be consecutively projected onto consecutiveportions of the sensitized member 21 while the mask 114 is in raisedposition as shown in Figs. 2, 1l, and 12. This consecutive projection ofthe images so that they will become consecutively printed on thesensitized member 21 isy accomplished by consecutively rotating the head23 and the print supporting member 28 from position to position, andusing the different sections oi rheostats S1 to S4 with the respectivephotographic plates for which they have been adjusted.

Although I have herein shown and described my invention in simple andpractical form, it is recognized that certain parts or elements thereofare representative of other parts, elements, or mechanisms which may beused in substantiallj7 g the same manner to accomplish substantially themember; a light source and an optical systemv by which printing lightcan be transmitted successively through said photographic members uponcorresponding areas of said light sensitive member; means for varyingthe intensity and cross sectional pattern of said printing light tocompensate for varying densities of said photographic members; a lightintensity indicating device positioned upon said printer, including anelement movable into and out of the path of said light, for measuringthe intensity of the light transmitted through each individualphotographic member; and means for restricting the light reaching saiddevice to that transmitted through selected areas of said individualphotographic member to indicate the variation of the cross sectionalpattern of said printing light which will match the contiguous marginsof the individual images printed upon said light sensitive member whenprojected thereon, so that the photographic members can be successivelyprinted upon said light sensitive member to produce a print havingsubstantially uniform density.

2. In a photographic printer for printing contiguous complementaryimages on a single light sensitive member from a plurality or"complementary photographic members to produce a consolidated print, thecombination of: supporting means for said plurality of photographicmembers; supporting means for said light sensitive member; a lightsource and an optical system by which printing light can be transmittedsuccessively through said photographic members upon corresponding areasof said iight vsensitive member; an individual control meanscorresponding to each said photographic member for varying the intensityand cross sectional pattern of said light to compensate for varyingdensities or" said photographic members; a light intensity indicatingdevice positioned upon said printer,- including an element movable intoand out oi the path oi said light, for measuring the intensity oi thelight transmitted through each individual photographic member; and meansior restricting the light reaching said device to that transmittedthrough selected areas of said individual photographic member toindicate the variation of the cross sectional pattern of said printinglight by the corresponding control means which will match the contiguousmargins of the individual images printed upon said light sensitivemember when projected thereon, so that the photographic members can besuccessively printed upon said light sensitive member to produce a printhaving substantially uniform density.

3. In a photographic printer` or printing contiguous complementaryimages on a single light sensitive member from a plurality or"complementary photographic members to produce a con-1 solidated print,the combination oi: supporting means for said plurality of photographicmembers; supporting means for said light sensitive member; a lightsource and an optical system by which printing light canbe transmittedsuccessively through said photographic members upon corrresponding areasof said light sensitive memu ber; means for varying the intensity andcross sectional pattern of said light to compensate i'or varyingdensities of said photographic members; a light intensity indicatingdevice positioned upon said printer, including an element movable intoand outof the path of said light, for measuring the innsity of the lighttransmitted through each individual photographic member;

- and mask means movable into andout or the tional pattern of saidprinting light which will* match the contiguous margins of the'individual images printed upon said light sensitive member whenprojected thereon, so that the photographic members can be successivelyprinted upon said light sensitive member to produce a print havingsubstantially uniform density.

4. In a photographic printer for printing contiguous complementaryimages on a single light sensitive member from a plurality' ofcomplementary photographic members to produce a consolidated print, thecombination of supporting means for said plurality of photographicmeinbers; supporting means for said light sensitive member; and anoptical system and a light source including a plurality of lamps bywhich printing iight can be transmitted successively through saidphotographic members upon corresponding areas of said light sensitivemember; means for varying the energization of each of said lamps to varythe intensity and cross sectional pattern of said light to compensatefor varying densities oi said photographic members; a light intensityindicating device positioned upon said printer, including an elementmovable into and out of the path of said light, for measuring theintensity of the light transmitted through each individual photographicmember; and meancx ior restricting the light reaching said device tothat transmitted through selected areas of saidindividual photographicmember to indicate the variation o the cross sectional patternv or? saidprinting light which will match the contiguous margins oi the individualimages printed upon said light sensitive member when projected thereon,so that the photographic members can be successively printed upon saidlight sensitive member to produce a print hav-- ing substantiallyuniform density.

5. In a photographic printer :for printing contiguous complementaryimages on a single iight sensitive member from a plurality orcomplementary photographic members to produce a consolidated print, thecombination oi: supporting means `ior said plurality oi photographicmembers, supporting means for 'said light sensitive member; a lightsource and an optical system by which printing light can he transmittedsuccesu sii/ely through said photographic members upon correspondingareas of said light sensitive member; a presettable control meanscorresponding to each ksaid photographic member ior varying theintensity and cross sectional pattern oi said iight to compensate forvarying densities of said photographic member; a light intensityindicating device positioned upon said printer, including an elementmovable into and outA or the iight path, for measuring the intensity ofthe light transmitted through each individual photographic member; theiight reaching said device to that transmitted through selected areas ofsaid individual photographic member to indicate which setting o thecorresponding control means will vary the cross sectional pattern oisaid printing light to match the contiguous margins of the individualimages printed upon said light sensitive member when projected thereon,so that said control. means can be preset and successively operated andthe corresponding ;photographic members successively printed upon saidlight sensitive member to produce a print having substantially uniformdensity.

6. In a photographic printer for printing contiguous complementaryimages on a single light sensitive member from a plurality ofcomplementary photographic members to produce a and means forrestricting consolidated print, the combination of: supporting means forsaid plurality of photographic members; supporting means for said lightsensitive member; and an optical system and a light source including aplurality of lamps by which printing light can be transmittedsuccessively through said photographic members upon corresponding areasof said light sensitive member; presettable control means correspondingto each photographic member for varying the energization of each of saidlamps to vary the intensity and cross sectional pattern of said light tocompensate for varying densities of said photographic members; a lightintensity indicating device, including an element movable into and outof the path of said light, for measuring the intensity of the lighttransmitted through each individual photographic member; and means forrestricting the light reaching said device to that transmitted throughselected areas oi said individual photographic member to indicate whichsetting oi' said control means will vary the cross sectional pattern ofsaid printing light to match the contiguous margins of the individualimages printed upon said light sensitive member when projected thereon,so that the control means can be preset and successively operated andthe corresponding photographic members successively printed upon saidlight sensitive member to produce a print having substantially uniformdensity.

7. In a photographic printer for printing contiguous complementaryimages on a single light sensitive member from a plurailty of comple- 35mentary photographic members to produce a consolidated print, thecombination of: supporting means for said plurality of photographicmembers; supporting means for said light sensitive member; an opticalsystem and a light source including a plurality of lamps by whichprinting light can be transmitted successively through said photographicmembers upon corresponding areas of said light sensitive member;presettable control means corresponding to each said photographicmember, each control means including a presettable means for each ofsaid lamps for varying the energization of each of said lamps to varythe intensity and cross jsectional pattern of said light to compensatefor varying densities of said photographic members; a. light intensityindicating device positioned upon said printer, including an elementmovable into and out of the path of said light, for measuring theintensity of the light transmitted through each individual photographicmember; and mask means for restricting the light reaching said device tothat transmitted through selected areas oi' said individual photographicmember to indicate which setting of the resistors of each control meanswill vary the cross sectional pattern of said printing light to matchthe contiguous margins of the individual images printed upon said lightsensitive member when projected thereon, so that the control means canbe preset and successively operated and the corresponding photographicmembers successively printed upon said light sensitive member to producea print having substantially uniform density.

LEON T. ELIEL.

